“Target Your Molecular Vulnerabilities with Personalized Cancer Treatment

“Target Your Molecular Vulnerabilities with Personalized Cancer Treatment" (Padman Vamadevan, MD, and Travis Christofferson, MS) [#159] Brad Power and Nanthana Ravichandran September 3, 2025 “We want to make precision oncology equitable. We want to make it scalable. And we want to make it as impactful as we can today, across the globe.

We don't want to wait for future drugs or future technologies. Those will come, and those will be absolutely vital. The patients I'm seeing are getting younger and younger. We're not talking about, or we shouldn't be talking about, 5-year survival anymore. We need to be talking about 20-year survival.

The opportunity and the data that we have at our fingertips gives us a massive opportunity, a massive public health opportunity, to scale precision oncology right now.” – Padman Vamadevan, MD “When I look at the healthcare system within this realm of oncology, what you notice is a vast underutilization of the Pharmacopeia (the list of drugs and the ways they can be used).

It comes to pharmacology, where, on average, these small molecules affect a dozen relevant cellular pathways, but due to financial reasons, they will never get FDA approval… It's a systemic failure in the system the way the system is structured. It’s the same thing with these genomic reports, which are vastly underutilized.

” – Travis Christofferson Meeting Summary Many advanced cancer patients and their loved ones seek more than the "standard of care" - the generally accepted testing and treatment guidelines. They want personalized, evidence- based treatment plans that reflect the unique biology of their cancer, their values, and their goals.

They may be exploring beyond conventional protocols but lack the scientific expertise or time to evaluate which interventions are best evidenced to target the potential drivers of their disease or what these drivers could potentially be. There is a huge amount of scientific research available, but very little of it is applied to individual patients.

With 100,000s of cancer research papers published, it is impossible for any doctor to keep up, no matter how experienced, much less a patient or caregiver. Padman Vamadevan, MD, and Travis Christofferson, MS, are uniquely qualified to lead a conversation about personalizing treatment plans to an individual patient.

Padman is Co- Founder and Chief Medical Officer at Astron Health, and Travis is Chief Scientific Officer. Astron Health acts as a personal cancer research team, using advanced bioinformatics, bespoke machine learning, and best-in-class scientific experts to make sense of this research and apply it to each patient’s case.

Padman Vamadevan read for a degree in Natural Sciences from Queens’ College, Cambridge, then obtained his medical degree from King’s College, London, and subsequently trained in Academic Clinical Pharmacology.

se of this research and apply it to each patient’s case. Padman Vamadevan read for a degree in Natural Sciences from Queens’ College, Cambridge, then obtained his medical degree from King’s College, London, and subsequently trained in Academic Clinical Pharmacology.

Over the past decade, he has focused on streamlining pathways to personalized cancer treatments by integrating cutting-edge molecular approaches at the intersection of Clinical Pharmacology, Metabolic Oncology, and Precision Theranostics.

A recognized thought leader in the strategic use of repurposed drugs as adjunctive cancer treatments, Dr Vamadevan leverages complex molecular data and the latest peer-reviewed research to develop precision therapies that target each patient’s unique cancer profile.

“Target Your Molecular Vulnerabilities with Personalized Cancer Treatment" (Padman Vamadevan, MD, and Travis Christofferson, MS) [#159] author of "Curable, Ketones: The Fourth Fuel", and "Tripping Over the Truth".

He earned a bachelor's degree in molecular biology from Montana State University's Honors College and a master's in material engineering and science from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. As a former full-time science writer and founder of the Foundation for Metabolic Cancer Therapies, Travis brings extensive expertise to Astron's research initiatives.

Why can personalizing your cancer treatment be better than following the "standard of care"? ●Cancer is highly heterogeneous, meaning your tumor has unique molecular characteristics, specific mutations, and molecular pathways driving your cancer. ●“Standard of care” treatments are often generalized and may not target the specific vulnerabilities of your cancer.

●You can explore targeted interventions beyond traditional chemotherapy, or using existing drugs in more strategic, personalized ways, potentially improving treatment effectiveness and reducing unnecessary toxicity. What are the key tests to enable personalized treatment?

●A pan-cancer panel of 50-150 genes (genomics DNA sequencing) ●RNA sequencing (transcriptomics) ●Proteomics or at minimum immunohistochemistry (including tests like PDL1) How can your data be translated into a personalized treatment strategy?

evan read for a degree in Natural Sciences from Queens’ College, Cambridge, then obtained his medical degree from King’s College, London, and subsequently trained in Academic Clinical Pharmacology.

Over the past decade, he has focused on streamlining pathways to personalized cancer treatments by integrating cutting-edge molecular approaches at the intersection of Clinical Pharmacology, Metabolic Oncology, and Precision Theranostics.

A recognized thought leader in the strategic use of repurposed drugs as adjunctive cancer treatments, Dr Vamadevan leverages complex molecular data and the latest peer-reviewed research to develop precision therapies that target each patient’s unique cancer profile.

“Target Your Molecular Vulnerabilities with Personalized Cancer Treatment" (Padman Vamadevan, MD, and Travis Christofferson, MS) [#159] author of "Curable, Ketones: The Fourth Fuel", and "Tripping Over the Truth".

He earned a bachelor's degree in molecular biology from Montana State University's Honors College and a master's in material engineering and science from the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. As a former full-time science writer and founder of the Foundation for Metabolic Cancer Therapies, Travis brings extensive expertise to Astron's research initiatives.

Why can personalizing your cancer treatment be better than following the "standard of care"? ●Cancer is highly heterogeneous, meaning your tumor has unique molecular characteristics, specific mutations, and molecular pathways driving your cancer. ●“Standard of care” treatments are often generalized and may not target the specific vulnerabilities of your cancer.

●You can explore targeted interventions beyond traditional chemotherapy, or using existing drugs in more strategic, personalized ways, potentially improving treatment effectiveness and reducing unnecessary toxicity. What are the key tests to enable personalized treatment?

●A pan-cancer panel of 50-150 genes (genomics DNA sequencing) ●RNA sequencing (transcriptomics) ●Proteomics or at minimum immunohistochemistry (including tests like PDL1) How can your data be translated into a personalized treatment strategy?

●Use a large language model trained on peer-reviewed papers with your specific genetic mutations and medical profile to identify potential treatments (Extract meaningful drug- gene and pathway associations (using “named entity recognition”, a technique for identifying data types, organizing them, and making associations ●Prioritize interventions based on scientific evidence, mechanistic plausibility, individual patient context, and safety ●Manually curate AI-generated recommendations by scientific experts ●Provide a data-driven treatment hypothesis ranked by strength and supported by references Can you use ChatGPT or other AI engines for finding promising treatments?

tient context, and safety ●Manually curate AI-generated recommendations by scientific experts ●Provide a data-driven treatment hypothesis ranked by strength and supported by references Can you use ChatGPT or other AI engines for finding promising treatments? A customized AI-system can address the problem of personalization in cancer care.

For example, Astron’s model looks in depth at: ●Information sources : Should you use peer-reviewed cancer research papers, guidelines, or a general knowledge base? ●Weighting: Your scoring approach should consider literature quality, mechanistic plausibility, disease context, and safety.

“Target Your Molecular Vulnerabilities with Personalized Cancer Treatment" (Padman Vamadevan, MD, and Travis Christofferson, MS) [#159] ●Expert review: You should have human experts review and validate the AI-generated recommendations. ●Treatment scope: Do you want to consider standard cancer drugs, non-cancer drugs, off-label uses of cancer drugs, nutraceuticals, and lifestyle modifications?

Other AI tools may not have the specificity and guardrails required to flag safe and well- evidenced interventions specific to your case. How can you keep current with the latest research?

●Continuously scan and process new research papers ●Consider study design quality, clinical validation, disease specificity ●Have experts who understand cancer complexity and can critically evaluate new research review and curate the data How can you access personalized cancer treatment services?

●Get comprehensive molecular testing (a pan-cancer panel of 50-150 genes, full RNA sequencing, and if possible, proteomics or immunohistochemistry) ●Work with your current doctor or find a doctor willing to refer you to help order the treatment strategy report, interpret it, and potentially implement the recommendations ●; the current cost of a research report is approximately $1,150 in the US; they will review your molecular testing reports and provide a personalized research report with potential treatment strategies.

How can you learn more about personalizing your cancer treatment?

summaries or watch the video recordings of conversations we have had with other providers of personalized treatment services: ○“Matching Patients with Treatments” (Istvan Petak, MD, PhD) [#107] ○“Integrating Diverse Test Results for Cancer Patient Guidance” (Joe Lennerz, MD, PhD, MSc) [#142] ○“How AI Is Shifting the Dynamics of Your Next Doctor Visit” (Ezra Cohen, MD) [#121] ○"Personalized Drug Dosing" (Paul Van Camp and Jeff Krolick) [#68] ○"Clinical Guidance from Proteomics" (Sheeno Thyparambil) [#26] ○"Proteomics and Clinical Decisions" (Panel Discussion) [#19] ○“Multi-omic Analysis Guides the Decisions of Brian McCloskey” (Rana McKay, MD, and BostonGene) [#98]

“Target Your Molecular Vulnerabilities with Personalized Cancer Treatment" (Padman Vamadevan, MD, and Travis Christofferson, MS) [#159] The information and opinions expressed on this website or platform, or during discussions and presentations (both verbal and written) are not intended as health care recommendations or medical advice by Cancer Patient Lab, its principals, presenters, participants, or representatives for any medical treatment, product, or course of action.

You should always consult a doctor about your specific situation before pursuing any health care program, treatment, product or other course of action that might affect your health.

“Target Your Molecular Vulnerabilities with Personalized Cancer Treatment" (Padman Vamadevan, MD, and Travis Christofferson, MS) [#159] Meeting Notes KEYWORDS Precision oncology, molecular profiling, personalized treatment, bioinformatics platform, drug repurposing, synthetic lethality, longitudinal data, empirical outcomes, clinical trials, patient- centric, integrative oncology, molecular tumor board, data-driven, public health impact, therapeutic interventions.

SPEAKERS Padman Vamadevan (61%), Travis Christofferson (20%), Brad Power (12%), Richard Anders (6%), Will LaValley (1%), Raphael Leong (<1%) CHAT CONTRIBUTORS Russ Hollyer, Rick Davis, Allen Morris, Helen, Richard Anders, Alexander Lalov, Raphael Leong SUMMARY Padman Vamadevan and Travis Christofferson from Astron Health discussed their precision oncology approach.

They highlighted the limitations of conventional oncological treatments and the potential of personalized molecular profiling. Astron Health's platform uses bioinformatics and large language models to analyze raw molecular data, creating personalized low-toxicity intervention plans. They emphasized the importance of empirical data and longitudinal studies.

A case study on colon cancer demonstrated their methodology, using repurposed drugs like celecoxib and caffeine. The service costs £950 in the UK and $1,150 in the US, aiming to make precision oncology accessible and scalable. Access ●Clinicians are the key decision-makers, as Astron Health sells exclusively through clinicians in the US.

●Patients can request their physicians to use Astron Health's services.

ervices: ○“Matching Patients with Treatments” (Istvan Petak, MD, PhD) [#107] ○“Integrating Diverse Test Results for Cancer Patient Guidance” (Joe Lennerz, MD, PhD, MSc) [#142] ○“How AI Is Shifting the Dynamics of Your Next Doctor Visit” (Ezra Cohen, MD) [#121] ○"Personalized Drug Dosing" (Paul Van Camp and Jeff Krolick) [#68] ○"Clinical Guidance from Proteomics" (Sheeno Thyparambil) [#26] ○"Proteomics and Clinical Decisions" (Panel Discussion) [#19] ○“Multi-omic Analysis Guides the Decisions of Brian McCloskey” (Rana McKay, MD, and BostonGene) [#98]

“Target Your Molecular Vulnerabilities with Personalized Cancer Treatment" (Padman Vamadevan, MD, and Travis Christofferson, MS) [#159] The information and opinions expressed on this website or platform, or during discussions and presentations (both verbal and written) are not intended as health care recommendations or medical advice by Cancer Patient Lab, its principals, presenters, participants, or representatives for any medical treatment, product, or course of action.

You should always consult a doctor about your specific situation before pursuing any health care program, treatment, product or other course of action that might affect your health.

“Target Your Molecular Vulnerabilities with Personalized Cancer Treatment" (Padman Vamadevan, MD, and Travis Christofferson, MS) [#159] Meeting Notes KEYWORDS Precision oncology, molecular profiling, personalized treatment, bioinformatics platform, drug repurposing, synthetic lethality, longitudinal data, empirical outcomes, clinical trials, patient- centric, integrative oncology, molecular tumor board, data-driven, public health impact, therapeutic interventions.

SPEAKERS Padman Vamadevan (61%), Travis Christofferson (20%), Brad Power (12%), Richard Anders (6%), Will LaValley (1%), Raphael Leong (<1%) CHAT CONTRIBUTORS Russ Hollyer, Rick Davis, Allen Morris, Helen, Richard Anders, Alexander Lalov, Raphael Leong SUMMARY Padman Vamadevan and Travis Christofferson from Astron Health discussed their precision oncology approach.

They highlighted the limitations of conventional oncological treatments and the potential of personalized molecular profiling. Astron Health's platform uses bioinformatics and large language models to analyze raw molecular data, creating personalized low-toxicity intervention plans. They emphasized the importance of empirical data and longitudinal studies.

A case study on colon cancer demonstrated their methodology, using repurposed drugs like celecoxib and caffeine. The service costs £950 in the UK and $1,150 in the US, aiming to make precision oncology accessible and scalable. Access ●Clinicians are the key decision-makers, as Astron Health sells exclusively through clinicians in the US.

●Patients can request their physicians to use Astron Health's services.